Famous Castles
& Palaces in Europe
& Palaces in Europe
to see or visit on tour
Famous Castles & Royal Palaces You Can Visit or See in Europe
Historically, palaces have been used as the primary residences of monarchs, rulers, and other royal family members. They were built to demonstrate wealth, power, and authority and to serve as symbols of the ruling dynasty. Palaces were used for residential purposes and for hosting official ceremonies, political meetings, and entertaining guests.
In addition to their political and social functions, many palaces also served as centers for art and culture. They often housed impressive collections of art, books, and other cultural artifacts and were venues for concerts, theater performances, and other artistic events.
Today, many former palaces have been repurposed for other uses, such as museums, government buildings, or even luxury hotels. Still, they remain important cultural and historical landmarks attracting millions of visitors annually. You can visit or see these ten famous palaces across Europe on several of our guided tours.
Palace of Versailles, Versailles, France
For several reasons, the Palace of Versailles is considered one of the world's most impressive and iconic palaces. Firstly, the palace is an architectural masterpiece that embodies grandeur and opulence. It boasts 2,300 rooms, including the famous Hall of Mirrors, which has 17 mirror-clad arches and overlooks the stunning gardens. The palace's interior is adorned with magnificent works of art, including paintings, sculptures, and tapestries.
The Palace of Versailles is famous for its historical, architectural, and cultural significance, as well as its grandeur and extravagance, which continue to captivate and inspire people today. Tread in French nobility's footsteps and explore Versailles's luxury and splendor. Join a local specialist to explore the palace's extraordinary Hall of Mirrors and Battles Gallery. Stroll through the picturesque Royal Gardens and visit the Petit Trianon to see first-hand how the French Royal Family lived in private before discovering Marie Antoinette's Hamlet.
Second, The Palace of Versailles is surrounded by famously beautiful gardens, which renowned landscape architect André Le Nôtre designed. The gardens feature elaborate fountains, sculptures, flower beds, and several smaller palaces, including the Grand Trianon and the Petit Trianon.
The Palace also played a pivotal role in the history of France, serving as the primary residence of French kings and queens for over a century, from Louis XIV to Louis XVI. It was also the site of many important political and social events, including the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919, which ended World War I.
Buckingham Palace, London, UK
Buckingham Palace is the official residence of the British monarch and one of the most famous landmarks in London. Buckingham Palace has a rich history dating back to the early 18th century when it was initially known as Buckingham House. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 and has since been the primary residence of the British monarchs. The palace is an architectural masterpiece and boasts an impressive facade with its iconic balcony, which is used for public appearances by the royal family. The palace's interior is equally impressive, with its ornate rooms, exquisite artworks, and historical artifacts.
Buckingham Palace is the setting for many important royal events and ceremonies, including the Changing of the Guard, Trooping the Colour, and state banquets. These events attract visitors from all over the world and provide a glimpse into the rich traditions and pageantry of the British monarchy.
The palace is surrounded by beautiful gardens, home to over 350 types of wildflowers and trees, and a lake and a waterfall. The gardens are also used for public events, such as parties hosted by the royal family.
Buckingham Palace is an important cultural icon and symbol of British history and identity. It has been featured in numerous films, TV shows, and books and continues to be a popular tourist attraction, drawing millions of visitors each year.
Buckingham Palace is famous for its historical and cultural significance, its stunning architecture and gardens, and its role as the primary residence of the British monarch. The palace is primarily a working royal residence and is closed to the public for much of the year. Because it's not always possible to visit Buckingham Palace, attending the Changing of the Guard ceremony is a great way to see the palace and experience the pageantry of the British monarchy.
Neuschwanstein Castle, Bavaria, Germany
Neuschwanstein Castle is a stunning 19th-century castle located in Bavaria, Germany. It is a popular tourist destination, and there are several reasons why travelers should consider catching a view of or even visiting this castle.
Neuschwanstein Castle is a masterpiece of 19th-century Romanesque Revival architecture designed by the Bavarian architect Eduard Riedel. It features a blend of Gothic and Romantic styles, with intricate carvings, turrets, and towers that make it look like it was taken straight out of a fairytale.
Neuschwanstein Castle was commissioned by King Ludwig II of Bavaria in the late 19th century and was intended as a personal retreat. However, Ludwig only spent a few months in the castle before his mysterious death in 1886. The castle is located on a hilltop overlooking the village of Hohenschwangau and the Alpsee lake, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape.
Neuschwanstein Castle is said to have inspired Walt Disney's iconic Sleeping Beauty Castle in Disneyland, which further adds to its charm and popularity.
Neuschwanstein Castle is a must-visit destination for anyone traveling to Germany, offering a unique blend of history, architecture, and natural beauty. Admire the magical countryside and tread in the footsteps of shy King Ludwig II with a visit to his fairytale Neuschwanstein Castle.
Schönbrunn Palace, Vienna, Austria
Schönbrunn Palace is a magnificent Baroque palace located in Vienna, Austria. Originally built as a hunting lodge in the late 17th century, the palace was later expanded and transformed into a palace by Empress Maria Theresa in the mid-18th century. It was the summer residence of the Habsburg emperors and is now a UNESCO World Heritage site.
The palace is a stunning example of Baroque architecture, with its grand facade, elaborate decorations, and ornate interiors. It features 1,441 rooms, including the opulent Great Gallery and the Mirror Room, which was the location of the signing of the Treaty of Trianon in 1920. The palace is surrounded by beautiful gardens designed in the 18th century and includes sculptures, fountains, and an impressive hedge maze. The gardens also feature several smaller palaces, including the Palm House and the Orangery.
Schönbrunn Palace has played an important role in Austrian history and culture and has been the site of many important events, including the Congress of Vienna in 1814-15, which reshaped the political map of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. The palace is also a popular tourist attraction and is visited by millions of people each year.
The palace grounds are also home to the oldest zoo in the world, the Tiergarten Schönbrunn, which was founded in 1752 and is still one of the most popular zoos in Europe. The zoo is home to over 700 species of animals, including giant pandas, Siberian tigers, and African elephants.
Schönbrunn Palace is famous as a fascinating and beautiful destination with a rich history and cultural significance. Its stunning architecture, beautiful gardens, and impressive zoo make it a must-visit attraction for anyone traveling to Vienna. Join a private tour of Maria Theresa's magnificent palace and its formal gardens. Be transported to a time of opulence and extravagance as you marvel at the intricacies of gilded Rococo frames, frescoed ceilings, and crystal chandeliers.
The Alhambra, Granada, Spain
The Alhambra is a breathtaking palace and fortress complex in Granada, Spain, built in the mid-13th century by the Moorish ruler Mohammed ben Al-Ahmar. After the Christian conquest of Granada in 1492, the complex was partially converted into a Christian palace, and additional buildings were added over the next few centuries.
The Alhambra is a stunning example of Islamic and Mudéjar architecture, with its intricate tilework, carved plaster, and ornate arches and domes. The complex includes the Alcazaba, a military fortress; the Nasrid Palaces, a series of interconnected palaces and courtyards; and the Generalife, a separate palace and garden complex.
The Alhambra is renowned for its beautiful decorations and artwork, including the intricate tilework, carved plaster, and calligraphy that adorn its walls and ceilings. The Nasrid Palaces also feature beautiful gardens and courtyards with fountains and reflecting pools.
The Alhambra has inspired many writers and artists over the centuries, including Washington Irving, who wrote his famous Tales of the Alhambra while staying in the complex in the early 19th century. The complex has also been featured in numerous films, TV shows, and books.
The Alhambra is a significant symbol of Moorish and Spanish history and culture, and it has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1984. It is one of Spain's most visited tourist attractions, drawing millions of visitors each year.
The Alhambra is a stunning and fascinating destination with a rich history and cultural significance. Its beautiful architecture, art, and gardens make it a must-visit attraction for anyone traveling to Granada or Spain's Andalusia region. Plus, while others wait in line, you'll be exploring accompanied by a local expert, keen to share insights into this Moorish landmark.
Edinburgh Castle, Scotland, UK
Edinburgh Castle is one of Scotland's most iconic landmarks and is located atop an extinct volcano in the center of Edinburgh, the country's capital city. The castle is located on a hill in the center of Edinburgh, providing panoramic views of the city and its surroundings. Visitors can take in the sweeping views from the castle walls or one of the many vantage points within the castle.
The castle has been pivotal in Scotland's history for over a thousand years, serving as a royal residence, military stronghold, and prison. Visitors can explore the castle's many rooms and exhibitions, learning about the various periods of Scottish history and the important figures who lived and worked there.
Edinburgh Castle is home to the Scottish Crown Jewels, also known as the Honours of Scotland. These priceless artifacts, including a crown, sword, and scepter, are a must-see for those interested in Scottish history and culture.
Edinburgh Castle is a fascinating and culturally significant attraction that offers something for everyone, from history buffs to nature lovers to those seeking unique experiences. The castle hosts a variety of events and activities daily and throughout the year, including historical reenactments, concerts, and festivals. Perhaps the most famous of all is the Royal Edinburg Military Tattoo.
The Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo is an annual event that takes place on the esplanade of Edinburgh Castle in August. The event features performances by military bands, dancers, and performers from around the world, showcasing their unique music, dance, and cultural traditions.
The first Military Tattoo was held in 1950, and since then, it has become one of the most popular events in Scotland, attracting thousands of visitors each year. The performances are accompanied by a stunning light show and fireworks, making for a memorable and exciting evening.
Ashford Castle, County Mayo, Ireland
Ashford Castle is a luxurious 13th-century castle located in County Mayo, Ireland. It was originally built by the Anglo-Norman de Burgo family and later became the property of the Guinness family. Today, it is a world-renowned hotel and resort that attracts visitors from all over the world.
Ashford Castle has a rich and fascinating history, with connections to Irish royalty, English nobility, and American presidents. The castle's walls are adorned with antique weapons and artwork, and visitors can take guided tours to learn more about its past.
Ashford Castle offers guests incredibly luxurious accommodations. The rooms are decorated with antique furnishings and offer stunning views of the castle grounds and surrounding countryside.
Ashford Castle's local specialist, Captain Patrick, will share his knowledge as you glide through the peaceful shimmering waters of Lough Corrib. Upon disembarking, you'll cross the drawbridge to Ashford Castle, where you will dine as lords and ladies at an elegant royal dining experience. Overall, Ashford Castle is a must-visit destination for anyone looking to experience Irish history, culture, and luxury.
There are a variety of activities available at Ashford Castle, including falconry, horseback riding, fishing, golf, and archery. Visitors can also take a boat tour of the nearby Lough Corrib or hike in the beautiful Connemara National Park. The castle is home to several fine dining restaurants, including the Michelin-starred Wilde's at the Lodge and the elegant George V Dining Room. Guests can also enjoy afternoon tea or cocktails in the castle's cozy lounges.Â
Doge's Palace, Palazzo Ducale, Venice, Italy
The Doge's Palace is a beautiful palace located in Venice, Italy. The Doge's Palace was built in the 14th century and served as the residence of the Doge of Venice, the chief magistrate and leader of the Republic of Venice.
The palace is an excellent example of Venetian Gothic architecture, with its beautiful pink and white marble façade, arches, and decorative carvings. The palace is also famous for its intricate stonework and beautiful courtyards. It is home to some of the finest art collections in Venice, including Tintoretto’s wall-sized Paradise and essential works by Veronese, Tiepolo, and Titian.
Throughout its history, Venice has been a supremely political city. Those convicted of crimes were led across the Bridge of Sighs to the palace's prison. This walkway over a canal was named the Bridge of Sighs, as the small windows allowed prisoners one last view of the beautiful city below, and they would often sigh in sadness at their loss. (Casanova escaped from one of the cells in this prison.)
Today, the Doge's Palace is a popular tourist attraction open to the public. Visitors can explore the beautiful rooms and courtyards of the palace, learn about its history, and view the impressive art collections.
Arrive in the early morning at Doge’s Palace to be able to marvel at the estate in total peace. Follow the footsteps of unfortunate prisoners, across the Bridge of Sighs, to see the cells of the palace's prison!
Palais des Papes, Palace of the Popes, Avignon, France
The Palace of the Popes, located in Avignon, France, is a stunning palace complex that served as the residence of seven popes during the 14th century. The palace is also known as the Pontifical Palace, reflecting its importance as the seat of papal power during the Avignon Papacy.
Also known as the Babylonian Captivity, the Avignon Papacy was a period in the history of the Catholic Church from 1309 to 1377, during which the popes resided in Avignon, France, instead of Rome.
The move of the papacy to Avignon was mainly due to political factors, including tensions between the papacy and the Roman nobility and the influence of the French monarchy. In 1305, Frenchman Clement V was elected as Pope, and in 1309 he moved the papal court to Avignon, where it remained for the next 67 years.
The Avignon Papacy was not without controversy and criticism. Some accused the popes of being too closely aligned with the French monarchy and neglecting their spiritual duties. Others criticized the lavish lifestyles of the papal court and the corruption that sometimes accompanied it.
The palace might be considered a bit lavish, with its towering walls, grand halls, and ornate decorations. An excellent example of Gothic architecture, the palace is home to a stunning collection of frescoes, sculptures, and other works of art. The Palace of the Popes is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and is considered one of France's most important cultural and historical sites.
Visitors can explore the papal apartments, including the Pope's private chambers, the Consistory, and the Grand Chapel, which features a stunning collection of frescoes painted by Italian artist Matteo Giovannetti.
The walled city of Avignon is a fascinating town in southern France, with a host of historic gems to explore—including the fortress/palace residence of rebellious popes who broke from Rome and once lived and ruled here. Stand below the high, thick walls to get a sense of how daunting these fortifications were, then prepare to climb many steps as you tour the Palace of the Popes itself—it’s worth it!
Windsor Castle, England, UK
Mirabell Palace is a beautiful palace and gardens located in Salzburg, Austria. It was built in 1606 by Prince-Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau for his mistress Salome Alt. It was later expanded and renovated in the Baroque style by his successor, Markus Sittikus.
Today, Mirabell Palace is a popular tourist attraction and event venue in Salzburg, known for its stunning architecture, beautiful gardens, and rich cultural heritage. Visitors to the palace can explore the majestic Marble Hall, initially designed as a ballroom and now frequently used for concerts and weddings. The palace also houses the city's municipal offices and a museum that displays the history of the city and its important figures.
The palace's beautiful gardens, designed in the 18th century, are another major attraction. The gardens feature fountains, sculptures, and beautiful floral arrangements, offering stunning views of the mountains and the Salzach River. The gardens are also famous for being the location of the "Do-Re-Mi" scene from the movie "The Sound of Music." Many visitors come to see the spot where Julie Andrews and the Von Trapp children sang and danced.
A visit to Windsor Castle offers a unique glimpse into the history, architecture, and art of one of the most famous royal residences in the world, as well as the opportunity to enjoy the beauty of the surrounding countryside. Enjoy a tour of Windsor Castle, with entrance to the State Apartments included. Inside the apartments, you’ll also have the use of an individual audio guide.
Mirabell Palace, Salzburg, Austria
Mirabell Palace is a beautiful palace and gardens located in Salzburg, Austria. It was built in 1606 by Prince-Archbishop Wolf Dietrich von Raitenau for his mistress Salome Alt. It was later expanded and renovated in the Baroque style by his successor, Markus Sittikus.
Today, Mirabell Palace is a popular tourist attraction and event venue in Salzburg, known for its stunning architecture, beautiful gardens, and rich cultural heritage. Visitors to the palace can explore the majestic Marble Hall, initially designed as a ballroom and now frequently used for concerts and weddings. The palace also houses the city's municipal offices and a museum that displays the history of the city and its important figures.
The palace's beautiful gardens, designed in the 18th century, are another major attraction. The gardens feature fountains, sculptures, and beautiful floral arrangements, offering stunning views of the mountains and the Salzach River. The gardens are also famous for being the location of the "Do-Re-Mi" scene from the movie "The Sound of Music." Many visitors come to see the spot where Julie Andrews and the Von Trapp children sang and danced.
Diocletian's Palace, Split, Croatia
Diocletian's Palace is an ancient palace complex located in Split, Croatia. The Roman emperor Diocletian built the palace as a retirement residence in the early 4th century AD. The palace was later used by various rulers and was partially destroyed and rebuilt several times over the centuries.
The palace features four main gates, including the famous Golden Gate, and several temples, a mausoleum, plus a large central courtyard. It is a stunning example of Roman architecture, with its grand columns, intricate carvings, and detailed masonry work.
Today, Diocletian's Palace is a popular destination for tourists and locals, with many shops, restaurants, and cafes. Some parts of the palace also serve as museums and galleries, showcasing the history and art of the region. The palace has also been featured in numerous films and TV shows, including the popular HBO series Game of Thrones.
Diocletian's Palace is a noteworthy symbol of Croatian history and culture, and it has been recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1979. It is one of Croatia's most visited tourist attractions, drawing millions of visitors each year.
Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh, Scotland
The Palace of Holyroodhouse is the official residence of the British monarch in Scotland. It is located in Edinburgh, at the end of the Royal Mile, and has a long and fascinating history. The palace was originally built as a monastery in the 12th century and was later converted into a royal residence by King James IV in the 16th century. It has been the monarch's official residence in Scotland since the 16th century. Holyroodhouse has a long history of royal connections and has been the site of many important events, including the marriages of King James IV and Queen Mary, Queen of Scots.
The Palace of Holyroodhouse is said to be haunted by several ghosts, including the ghost of Queen Mary, who was famously executed at nearby Fotheringhay Castle in 1587.
The palace is a beautiful example of Scottish baroque architecture, with grand rooms, intricate carvings, and stunning artwork, including portraits of Scottish monarchs and important figures from Scottish history, as well as works by Dutch and Flemish artists.
The Palace of Holyroodhouse is remarkable and historically significant and a must-visit attraction for anyone traveling to Edinburgh or interested in Scottish history and culture. Explore Edinburgh with a local expert and travel along Princes Street to see the Scott Memorial, the neoclassical Adam facades of New Town, and the official Scottish residence of the King, Palace of Holyroodhouse
Topkapi Palace, Istanbul, Turkey
Topkapi Palace is a historical palace located in Istanbul, Turkey. The palace was the primary residence of the Ottoman sultans from the mid-15th century until the mid-19th century, and as such, it served as a symbol of the power and wealth of the Ottoman Empire. The palace was the center of political and cultural life in the Ottoman capital of Istanbul, and it housed not only the sultan's living quarters but also his court, administrative offices, and treasury. The palace complex was also a showcase for Ottoman art, architecture, and craftsmanship, with many of its buildings, courtyards, and gardens featuring intricate tilework, calligraphy, and other decorative elements that were intended to demonstrate the empire's sophistication and cultural achievements.
The palace houses a vast collection of artifacts and treasures from the Ottoman period, including weapons, armor, clothing, and jewelry. One of the most famous objects in the collection is the Topkapi Dagger, a jewel-encrusted ceremonial weapon that is considered one of the finest examples of Ottoman craftsmanship.
Topkapi Palace is a fascinating destination with a rich history and cultural significance. Its stunning architecture, impressive collections, and beautiful gardens make it a must-visit attraction for anyone traveling to Istanbul. Visit the Topkapi Palace, perched above the Bosphorus and the Golden Horn, the primary inlet of the waterway, with a local specialist, and gain an insight into the lives of the Ottoman Sultans during a private tour of the fabulous palace.
Hofburg Palace, Vienna, Austria
Hofburg Palace is a large and historic palace complex located in the center of Vienna, Austria. It was originally constructed in the 13th century as a castle, but over the centuries it was expanded and transformed into the imperial palace of the Habsburg dynasty. Today, it serves as the official residence and workplace of the President of Austria.
Hofburg Palace has played a significant role in the history of Austria and Europe, serving as the seat of power for the Habsburgs for over six centuries. The palace complex consists of numerous buildings and wings, including the Imperial Apartments, the Sisi Museum, the Imperial Treasury, the Spanish Riding School, and the National Library.
Visitors to Hofburg Palace can explore the rich history and grandeur of the former imperial residence through guided tours and events. Highlights include the ornate decor of the Imperial Apartments, the lavish treasures of the Imperial Treasury, and the breathtaking performances of the world-renowned Lipizzaner horses at the Spanish Riding School.
Frequently Asked Questions About Palaces in Europe
The terms "palace," "castle," and "mansion" are often used interchangeably to refer to grand, impressive buildings. However, there are some key differences between these types of buildings.
A palace is a grand residence that is typically associated with royalty or a head of state. Palaces are usually large, impressive buildings that are designed to convey power and prestige. They often feature ornate architecture, luxurious furnishings, and extensive grounds. Palaces are typically used for ceremonial purposes, as well as for the residence of the monarch or ruler.
A castle, on the other hand, is a fortified building that was originally designed for military purposes. Castles were often built in strategic locations, such as hills or along rivers, and were designed to provide protection from invaders. Castles usually feature thick walls, towers, and other defensive features, such as moats or drawbridges. Many castles were later converted into palaces or country houses.
A mansion is a large, impressive residence that is typically associated with wealthy individuals or families. Mansions are often designed for luxurious living and entertaining, and feature large rooms, high ceilings, and ornate decorations. While mansions may be grand in scale, they are not usually associated with the same level of power or prestige as palaces.
In summary, while there are some similarities between palaces, castles, and mansions, each type of building has its own distinct features and purposes. Palaces are associated with royalty and power, castles are designed for defense, and mansions are luxurious residences for wealthy individuals or families.
Several royal palaces in Europe are still occupied by reigning monarchs or royal family members. The exact number may vary depending on how one defines a "royal palace," but here are some examples:
- Buckingham Palace, London - the official residence of the British monarch
- Palace of Holyroodhouse, Edinburgh - the official residence of the British monarch in Scotland
- Royal Palace of Stockholm, Sweden - the official residence of the Swedish monarch
- Amalienborg Palace, Copenhagen - the official residence of the Danish monarch
- Royal Palace of Madrid, Spain - the official residence of the Spanish monarch, although it is not currently used as a residence
- Royal Palace of Oslo, Norway - used for official events and ceremonies by the Norwegian monarch but not as a residence
- Royal Palace of Brussels, Belgium - used for state ceremonies and receptions but not as a residence
Several other European palaces are owned by royal families but are not currently used as residences.
It is difficult to estimate how many European palaces are said to be haunted, as the stories of hauntings are often based on folklore, legend, or personal accounts that may not be widely documented or verified. However, many palaces throughout Europe are reputed to be haunted, with ghost stories that have been passed down through generations.
Some famous examples of haunted palaces in Europe include:
- Versailles Palace, France
- Palace of Fontainebleau, France
- Palace of Whitehall, England
- Palazzo Dario, Italy
- Hofburg Palace, Austria
- Palacio de los Guzmanes, Spain
It's important to note that the stories of hauntings are often based on folklore and may not have any factual basis. However, the tales of ghostly apparitions and eerie occurrences continue to fascinate and intrigue visitors to these historic European palaces.
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